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CERN Scientists Observe Quark Wake in Primordial Plasma, Revealing How the Universe First Flowed Just after the Big Bang , the newborn universe was an intensely hot sea of quarks and gluons , heated to- trillions of degrees . These particles shot around at near light speed , forming a fleeting substance called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) that existed for only millionths of a second . As temperatures fell, the plasma cooled and condensed, giving rise to protons, neutrons and the fundamental matter that makes up the universe today. Related cosmic and physics coverage Recreating the Universe's First Moments at CERN Scientists at CERN's Large Hadron Collider are now recreating this early cosmic state to better understand how the universe began. By colliding heavy ions enormous energies, they can momentarily recreate quark-gluon plasma and study matter as it existed in the universe's first instants . More science and environment research Breakthrough Discovery of Quark Wake Effe...

Scientists Say Star-Powered Megastructures Could Be Stable, Challenging Science Fiction Assumptions Artificial Structures Designed to Extract Energy from Stars Could Remain Stable New scientific modelling suggests that vast artificial structures designed to extract energy from stars are not merely science fiction . A study led by Colin McInnes at the University of Glasgow and published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, finds that advanced constructs such as stellar engines and Dyson bubbles could remain gravitationally balanced , provided appropriate engineering safeguards are in place, allowing them to draw power directly from their host stars. Related space science coverage: Astronomy, physics and cosmic research Why Astronomers Imagine Mega-Structures Around Stars For decades, scientists have debated whether highly advanced alien civilizations might exist elsewhere in the universe. While these ideas remain speculative, many studies point towards a shared solu...

Artificial Intelligence Solves Decades-Old Puzzle in Quantum Field Theory Simulations A long-standing problem in particle physics has finally been resolved: how best to formulate quantum field theories on a lattice so they can be efficiently simulated on computers. The breakthrough, scientists say, has come from artificial intelligence (AI) . Why Quantum Field Theories Are So Hard to Simulate Quantum field theories underpin modern physics , explaining how particles behave and interact. Yet many of the field's most challenging questions cannot be solved with traditional mathematics alone and instead vast and highly complex computer simulations . The difficulty lies in the fact that quantum field theories can be implemented on computers in many different ways. While these approaches should, in theory, produce the same physical results, their practical performance varies dramatically. Related science and physics reporting Searching for the Optimal Lattice Formulation Some lattice f...

MIT Develops Scalable Nanowire Superconducting Memory to Power Next-Generation Quantum Computers Why Quantum Computers Need New Memory Technologies Quantum computers, which process information using the principles of quantum mechanics, will depend on faster and more energy-efficient memory technologies to handle complex calculations. Superconducting memories are emerging as strong candidates, built from superconductors   —  materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance when cooled below a critical temperature. These memory devices promise far higher speeds and dramatically lower energy consumption than existing memory technologies. However, many current superconducting memories are vulnerable to errors and difficult to scale into larger systems with multiple memory cells. Related technology updates: Quantum computing and advanced electronics MIT Introduces a New Scalable Nanowires Superconducting Memory Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol...

New Simulation Framework Bridges Atomic and Large-Scale Physics in Fusion Research Extreme Conditions Inside Inertial Confinement Fusion In inertial confinement fusion, a tiny fuel capsule starts out at near-zero temperatures and under almost vacuum-like pressure. When powerful lasers compress the fuel to initiate fusion, it is rapidly heated to millions of degrees and squeezed to pressures comparable to those at the Sun's core   —  all within an extraordinarily small space and an instant of time. To make sense of this extreme transformation, scientists must understand large-scale conditions such as temperature and pressure across the entire target chamber. At the same time, they require detailed insight into the behaviour of the material and its individual atoms . Until recently, computer simulations have struggled to connect these vastly different scales and conditions within a single model. Related fusion and physics coverage: Advanced energy and fusion science New Sim...

New Unified Quantum Theory Bridges Long-Standing Divide in Particle Behaviour A Unified Theory for Quantum Impurities A newly proposed unified theory has brought together two cornerstone perspectives of modern quantum physics. It reconciles opposing ideas about how a rare and exotic particle behaves within a complex many-body environment   —  whether it moves freely or remains fixed as an impurity inside a vast sea of fermions, known as a Fermi sea . Developed by scientists at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Heidelberg University , the framework explains how quasiparticles arise and links two previously separate quantum states . According to the researchers, this breakthrough could significantly influence the direction of ongoing and future quantum matter experiments . Related science coverage: Latest breakthroughs in theoretical physics Contrasting Models of Impurity Behaviour in Quantum Systems The Widely Accepted Quasiparticle Model Quantum many-body physics has ...

Scientists Recreate Enceladus' Hidden Ocean, Revealing Organic Chemistry Linked to Life Laboratory Experiments Replicate Enceladus' Subsurface Ocean Recent laboratory experiments conducted by scientists in Japan and Germany have successfully replicated the chemical environment believed to exist within the hidden ocean beneath Saturn's moon Enceladus. The findings, published in the journal Icarus , reveal that these simulated condition can naturally generate many of the organic compounds previously identified by NASA's Cassini spacecraft , reinforcing the idea that Enceladus may possess the fundamental molecular ingredients necessary for life . Evidence of a Vast Ocean Beneath Enceladus' Icy Crust Astronomers have long theorized that a vast body of liquid water lies beneath Enceladus's thick icy crust, particularly around its south polar region . Strong evidence for this concealed ocean comes from towering plumes of water vapour and ice that regularly burst t...