SAPPHIRE Breakthrough: Scientists Capture Plasma Movies at 100 Billion Frames Plasma, often described as the fourth state of matter , makes up more than 99% of the visible universe. From blazing stars to advanced semiconductor manufacturing, understanding plasma behaviour is crucial. Yet probing this volatile, ionized gas has long been a scientific challenge, as its changes occur in mere trillionths of a second. Now, researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has unveiled a revolutionary diagnostic technique called SAPPHIRE (Single-shot Advanced Plasma Probe Holographic Reconstruction) . Published in Optica , this study showcases the ability to record plasma dynamics with a single laser shot - creating "movies" at an astounding 100 billion frames per second . For more on cutting-edge scientific innovations, readers can also explore FSNews365 where groundbreaking discoveries across technology and science are regularly covered. Why Plasma Matters: Unlockin...
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