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Can Artificial Intelligence Solve Real Mathematical Research Problems? Scientists Put AI to the Test Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming an increasingly common tool in mathematics , mirroring trends across the wider scientific community . Although mathematics underpins AI development, mathematicians are also using these systems for tasks such as scanning academic literature and spotting errors in draft papers. But their real interest lies in a more demanding test: can AI solve authentic, high-level research problems? Related science and AI coverage: Artificial intelligence and scientific research Human health Awareness Reports The Challenge of Measuring AI's Mathematical Ability Until now, there has been no agreed framework for realistically assessing AI's performance in advanced mathematics. In response, a group of mathematicians set out to evaluate these capabilities in a new study released on the arXiv preprint platform. What sets this work apart is the nature of t...

Topological 6G THz Antenna Breakthrough Could Redefine Wireless Speeds Nature Photonics Study Reveals Compact Passive Chip Delivering Ultra-Fast THz Communication Drawing inspiration from the emerging field of topological photonics , an international team of scientist spanning Singapore, France and the United States has engineered a compact antenna designed to process data-intensive terahertz (THz) signals . Publishing their findings in Nature Photonics, the researchers — led by Ranjan Singh at the University of Notre Dame — suggest that, with continued refinement, the innovation could form a cornerstone of future Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks , enabling data transmission at remarkable speeds . Why 6G Needs Terahertz (THz) Antennae In the near future, sixth-generation (6G) networks are anticipated to deliver astonishing data rates of up to one terabit per second — equivalent to transferring around half the storage capacity of a mid-range smartphone in just a single seco...

Quantum Encryption Breakthrough: Secure Keys Transmitted Across 100km of Fiber As concerns grow that quantum computers could eventually render current encryption methods obsolete , researchers are racing to design more secure alternatives. Among the most promising is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) , a quantum-based encryption technique in which any unauthorized interception disrupts the system and is instantly detectable. Earlier versions of QKD were limited by short transmission distances and the need for highly specialized devices . Now, a Chinese research team has taken a major step forward, successfully maintaining quantum encryption over far greater distances . Reporting in Science, the team demonstrated device-independent QKD (DI-QKD) between two single-atom nodes across 100 kilometers of optical fiber . Why Quantum Key Distribution Matters Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers a powerful route to secure communication , but it still relies on physical channels such as fibe...

Dark Matter May Replace Black Hole at the Milky Way's Core, Astronomers Suggest New Astronomical Research Challenges Long-Held Assumptions about Sagittarius A* Astronomers suggest that the heart of the Milky Way may not host a supermassive black hole, but instead a vast concentration of enigmatic dark matter producing an equivalent gravitational pull. They argue that this unseen material — believed to account for most of the universe's mass — can explain both the intense motions of stars just light-hours from the galactic center and the smoother, large-scale rotation of matter across the Milky Way's outer regions. The findings were published yesterday in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . Rethinking the Milky Way's Dark Heart The findings challenge the prevailing view that Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) , the proposed black hole at the center of our galaxy, governs the motion of the so-called S-stars — stellar objects that race around the core at staggering ...

Quantum Nanowires Slash Electrical Noise, Opening New Path for Ultralow-Noise Electronics Flicker Noise Explained at the Smallest Scales That familiar low-frequency fuzz that disrupts mobile phone calls stems from the way electrons move and interact within materials at the smallest scales. Known as electronic flicker noise , it typically arises when the flow of electrons is interrupted by various scattering processes inside conductive metals. The same type of noise undermines the sensitivity of advanced sensors and poses a significant challenge for quantum computers — machines expected to deliver unbreakable cybersecurity, perform vast calculations and simulate nature in unprecedented ways. UCLA Study Reveals a Quieter Quantum Transport Regime Now, a far quieter and more promising future may be emerging. In a study led by UCLA , researchers have demonstrated prototype devices that, beyond a certain voltage, conduct electricity with less noise than is seen in ordinary electron flow . T...

Impossible Neutrino Detected: Scientists Link 2023 Cosmic Shock to Exploding Primordial Black Holes A baffling cosmic event in 2023 saw a neutrino slam into Earth with an energy level that defied all known physics . The particle was vastly more powerful than anything humanity has ever generated, dwarfing even the Large Hadron Collider's capabilities by a factor of 100,000 . Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst now believe such an event could occur when a rare, early-universe black hole — described as quasi-extremal , undergoes a catastrophic explosion . Their findings, reported in Physical Review Letters , not only solve the mystery of the impossible neutrino but also position it as a potential key to understanding the universe at its most fundamental level . From Stellar Collapse to the Early Universe Black holes are no longer the stuff of speculation and scientists have a solid grasp of how they form. When a massive ageing star exhausts its nuclear fuel, ...

Quantum Chaos Simulation on 91-Qubit Processor Using Error Mitigation Breakthrough Large-Scale Quantum Chaos Finally Within Reach of Near-Term Quantum Computers The study of quantum chaos aims to translate chaotic classical dynamics into quantum terms, but practical simulations have been held back by limited computing power. Using advanced error mitigation and custom-designed circuits on a 91-qubit superconducting quantum processor , researchers have demonstrated a promising new approach. The work is reported in Nature Physics . Error Mitigation Instead of Error Correction Reliable quantum simulations demand the suppression of errors, yet full-scale quantum error correction comes at the cost of significant qubit and control overheads . Until now, researchers have largely sidestepped this challenge by focusing on smaller quantum many-body systems or on integrable models that exhibit limited chaos. In the new study, the team adopted a different strategy. Rather than eliminating noi...