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Artificial Intelligence Solves Decades-Old Puzzle in Quantum Field Theory Simulations A long-standing problem in particle physics has finally been resolved: how best to formulate quantum field theories on a lattice so they can be efficiently simulated on computers. The breakthrough, scientists say, has come from artificial intelligence (AI) . Why Quantum Field Theories Are So Hard to Simulate Quantum field theories underpin modern physics , explaining how particles behave and interact. Yet many of the field's most challenging questions cannot be solved with traditional mathematics alone and instead vast and highly complex computer simulations . The difficulty lies in the fact that quantum field theories can be implemented on computers in many different ways. While these approaches should, in theory, produce the same physical results, their practical performance varies dramatically. Related science and physics reporting Searching for the Optimal Lattice Formulation Some lattice f...

MIT Develops Scalable Nanowire Superconducting Memory to Power Next-Generation Quantum Computers Why Quantum Computers Need New Memory Technologies Quantum computers, which process information using the principles of quantum mechanics, will depend on faster and more energy-efficient memory technologies to handle complex calculations. Superconducting memories are emerging as strong candidates, built from superconductors   —  materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance when cooled below a critical temperature. These memory devices promise far higher speeds and dramatically lower energy consumption than existing memory technologies. However, many current superconducting memories are vulnerable to errors and difficult to scale into larger systems with multiple memory cells. Related technology updates: Quantum computing and advanced electronics MIT Introduces a New Scalable Nanowires Superconducting Memory Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol...

New Simulation Framework Bridges Atomic and Large-Scale Physics in Fusion Research Extreme Conditions Inside Inertial Confinement Fusion In inertial confinement fusion, a tiny fuel capsule starts out at near-zero temperatures and under almost vacuum-like pressure. When powerful lasers compress the fuel to initiate fusion, it is rapidly heated to millions of degrees and squeezed to pressures comparable to those at the Sun's core   —  all within an extraordinarily small space and an instant of time. To make sense of this extreme transformation, scientists must understand large-scale conditions such as temperature and pressure across the entire target chamber. At the same time, they require detailed insight into the behaviour of the material and its individual atoms . Until recently, computer simulations have struggled to connect these vastly different scales and conditions within a single model. Related fusion and physics coverage: Advanced energy and fusion science New Sim...

New Unified Quantum Theory Bridges Long-Standing Divide in Particle Behaviour A Unified Theory for Quantum Impurities A newly proposed unified theory has brought together two cornerstone perspectives of modern quantum physics. It reconciles opposing ideas about how a rare and exotic particle behaves within a complex many-body environment   —  whether it moves freely or remains fixed as an impurity inside a vast sea of fermions, known as a Fermi sea . Developed by scientists at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Heidelberg University , the framework explains how quasiparticles arise and links two previously separate quantum states . According to the researchers, this breakthrough could significantly influence the direction of ongoing and future quantum matter experiments . Related science coverage: Latest breakthroughs in theoretical physics Contrasting Models of Impurity Behaviour in Quantum Systems The Widely Accepted Quasiparticle Model Quantum many-body physics has ...

Scientists Recreate Enceladus' Hidden Ocean, Revealing Organic Chemistry Linked to Life Laboratory Experiments Replicate Enceladus' Subsurface Ocean Recent laboratory experiments conducted by scientists in Japan and Germany have successfully replicated the chemical environment believed to exist within the hidden ocean beneath Saturn's moon Enceladus. The findings, published in the journal Icarus , reveal that these simulated condition can naturally generate many of the organic compounds previously identified by NASA's Cassini spacecraft , reinforcing the idea that Enceladus may possess the fundamental molecular ingredients necessary for life . Evidence of a Vast Ocean Beneath Enceladus' Icy Crust Astronomers have long theorized that a vast body of liquid water lies beneath Enceladus's thick icy crust, particularly around its south polar region . Strong evidence for this concealed ocean comes from towering plumes of water vapour and ice that regularly burst t...

Astronomers Discover Mysterious Iron Bar Hidden Inside the Ring Nebula Mysterious Iron Cloud Revealed by European Research Team Astronomers from University College London and Cardiff University have uncovered a mysterious bar-shaped cloud of iron hidden within the famous Ring Nebula. The discovery was made by a European research team. First-Ever Detection of an Iron Structure Inside the Ring Nebula Reported for the first time in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , the structure consists of iron atoms arranged in a narrow bar or strip. It sits neatly inside the nebula's inner layer, an elliptical region well known from images captured by telescopes including the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at infrared wavelengths. Related space science coverage Size and Mass of the Iron Cloud The iron bar stretches to a length around 500 times the size of Pluto's orbit around the Sun and the researchers estimate that its total iron mass is comparable to that of Mars . A ...

X-ray Four-Wave Mixing Reveals How Electron Move Together Inside Atoms and Molecules Directly Observing Electron Coherence for the First Time Scientists working at the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser have achieved a long-standing experimental ambition in physics: directly revealing how electrons move in step with one another. Using a technique known as X-ray four-wave mixing , the team has opened a new window into the way energy and information travel through atoms and molecules. Published in Nature , the research could one day shed light on how quantum information is stored and lost, helping to guide the development of more robust and error-resistant quantum technologies . More cutting-edge physics discoveries Why Electron Interactions Matter Much of the behaviour of matter arises not from individual electrons acting alone, but from their complex mutual interactions . Across chemistry and advanced materials, these interactions determine how molecules rearrange, how substances ...