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New Simulation Framework Bridges Atomic and Large-Scale Physics in Fusion Research Extreme Conditions Inside Inertial Confinement Fusion In inertial confinement fusion, a tiny fuel capsule starts out at near-zero temperatures and under almost vacuum-like pressure. When powerful lasers compress the fuel to initiate fusion, it is rapidly heated to millions of degrees and squeezed to pressures comparable to those at the Sun's core   —  all within an extraordinarily small space and an instant of time. To make sense of this extreme transformation, scientists must understand large-scale conditions such as temperature and pressure across the entire target chamber. At the same time, they require detailed insight into the behaviour of the material and its individual atoms . Until recently, computer simulations have struggled to connect these vastly different scales and conditions within a single model. Related fusion and physics coverage: Advanced energy and fusion science New Sim...

New Unified Quantum Theory Bridges Long-Standing Divide in Particle Behaviour A Unified Theory for Quantum Impurities A newly proposed unified theory has brought together two cornerstone perspectives of modern quantum physics. It reconciles opposing ideas about how a rare and exotic particle behaves within a complex many-body environment   —  whether it moves freely or remains fixed as an impurity inside a vast sea of fermions, known as a Fermi sea . Developed by scientists at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Heidelberg University , the framework explains how quasiparticles arise and links two previously separate quantum states . According to the researchers, this breakthrough could significantly influence the direction of ongoing and future quantum matter experiments . Related science coverage: Latest breakthroughs in theoretical physics Contrasting Models of Impurity Behaviour in Quantum Systems The Widely Accepted Quasiparticle Model Quantum many-body physics has ...

Scientists Recreate Enceladus' Hidden Ocean, Revealing Organic Chemistry Linked to Life Laboratory Experiments Replicate Enceladus' Subsurface Ocean Recent laboratory experiments conducted by scientists in Japan and Germany have successfully replicated the chemical environment believed to exist within the hidden ocean beneath Saturn's moon Enceladus. The findings, published in the journal Icarus , reveal that these simulated condition can naturally generate many of the organic compounds previously identified by NASA's Cassini spacecraft , reinforcing the idea that Enceladus may possess the fundamental molecular ingredients necessary for life . Evidence of a Vast Ocean Beneath Enceladus' Icy Crust Astronomers have long theorized that a vast body of liquid water lies beneath Enceladus's thick icy crust, particularly around its south polar region . Strong evidence for this concealed ocean comes from towering plumes of water vapour and ice that regularly burst t...

Astronomers Discover Mysterious Iron Bar Hidden Inside the Ring Nebula Mysterious Iron Cloud Revealed by European Research Team Astronomers from University College London and Cardiff University have uncovered a mysterious bar-shaped cloud of iron hidden within the famous Ring Nebula. The discovery was made by a European research team. First-Ever Detection of an Iron Structure Inside the Ring Nebula Reported for the first time in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , the structure consists of iron atoms arranged in a narrow bar or strip. It sits neatly inside the nebula's inner layer, an elliptical region well known from images captured by telescopes including the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at infrared wavelengths. Related space science coverage Size and Mass of the Iron Cloud The iron bar stretches to a length around 500 times the size of Pluto's orbit around the Sun and the researchers estimate that its total iron mass is comparable to that of Mars . A ...

X-ray Four-Wave Mixing Reveals How Electron Move Together Inside Atoms and Molecules Directly Observing Electron Coherence for the First Time Scientists working at the SwissFEL X-ray free-electron laser have achieved a long-standing experimental ambition in physics: directly revealing how electrons move in step with one another. Using a technique known as X-ray four-wave mixing , the team has opened a new window into the way energy and information travel through atoms and molecules. Published in Nature , the research could one day shed light on how quantum information is stored and lost, helping to guide the development of more robust and error-resistant quantum technologies . More cutting-edge physics discoveries Why Electron Interactions Matter Much of the behaviour of matter arises not from individual electrons acting alone, but from their complex mutual interactions . Across chemistry and advanced materials, these interactions determine how molecules rearrange, how substances ...

Physicists Discover 'Impossible' Topological State in Quantum Material TU Wien Findings Challenge Long-Standing views of Particle-Based Physics Scientists at TU Wien have uncovered an unexpected state in a quantum material — one that was long thought to be impossible — prompting calls for a broader definition of topological states . The breakthrough has been reported in Nature Physics . Latest quantum physics and materials science news Why Classical Particle Theory Still Shapes Modern Physics Although quantum theory tells us that particles behave like waves, making their exact position uncertain, physicists often rely on classical intuition . In many cases, it remains remarkably effective to picture particles as tiny objects moving through space at a defined speed. This classical picture underpins how researchers describe electrical current in metals , where electrons are imagined to race through the material, accelerating or bending under the influence of electromagnetic ...

Astronomers Discover Exceptionally Massive Hot Subdwarf Binary System LAMOST J0658 New Observations Reveal One of the Most Extreme Stellar Pairs Known Researchers have uncovered a new binary star system known as LAMOST J065816.72+094343.1 , consisting of a massive, high-temperature subdwarf and a companion that has yet to be directly observed. The discovery is reported in the January issue of Astronomy & Astrophysics . More space and astronomy discoveries What Do We Know About J0658? LAMOST J0658 16.72+094343.1 — commonly known as J0658 — was first detected in 2018 by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and classified as a hot sdOB-type subdwarf . Early observations revealed it to be helium-deficient , with an effective temperature of around 35,000K an a projected rotational velocity of 37km/s . With much still unknown about J0658, a research team led by Fabian Mattig from the University of Potsdam , Germany, undertook a detailed analysis of...