Radical 3D Time Theory Re-imagines Reality: Space Emerges from Time, Says UAF Scientist
Time as the Fundamental Fabric of Reality
A recent theory from a scientist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks suggests that time, rather than space-time, constitutes the only true foundation upon which all physical processes unfold.
The theory contends that time consists of three separate dimensions, challenging the traditional view of a single forward-flowing continuum. Space, in turn, arises as a secondary effect.
"These three temporal dimensions constitute the fundamental fabric of reality—akin to the canvas upon which a painting is made," explained Associate Professor Gunther Kletetschka of the UAF Geophysical Institute. "Space, though still three-dimensional, is more comparable to the paint upon that canvas than the canvas itself."
Challenging Mainstream Physics
Such ideas represent a clear departure from mainstream physics, which posits that reality comprises one temporal dimensions—collectively to as spacetime, a unified framework introduced over a century ago.
The six-dimensional model proposed by Kletetschka, uniting and space, could potentially advance efforts to uncover a comprehensive theory of everything.
An Ongoing Scientific Pursuit
Time dimensions that move beyond our everyday linear experience remain elusive and difficult to visualize. Various models have been advanced by theoretical physicists.
Kletetschka's study, released on 21 April in Reports in Advances of Physical Science, contributes to a longstanding line of inquiry pursued by theoretical physicists into an area beyond mainstream physics.
A Testable Theory with Experimental Ties
He maintains that his theoretical structure—based on time having three dimensions—offers improvements over previous models, chiefly through its ability to recreate known particle masses and measurable properties.
"Previous theories of three-dimensional time were largely abstract mathematical models lacking tangible experimental ties," he remarked. "My research elevates the idea to a testable physical theory, validated through several independent methods."
The theory may enable predictions of as-yet-unknown particle properties and contribute to uncovering the origin of mass—ultimately addressing one of physics' most profound questions.
What is 3D Time?
A New Geometric Model of Time
Three-dimensional time refers to a theoretical model in which time, akin to space, unfolds along three independent axes—much like the familiar X, Y and Z directions in spatial geometry.
Visualize strolling down a linear path, with each step marking time's familiar forward march. Then, consider a second route that veers across the first, running laterally.
Were you to step onto that sideways path while remaining within the same point in 'ordinary time', you might encounter subtle differences—perhaps an alternative version of the same day. Travelling this perpendicular route could allow one to explore varied outcomes without moving forwards or backwards in time as we understand it.
Alternative Outcomes and Transitions
The second dimension of time is marked by the existence of alternative outcomes; the third lies in the mechanism enabling transitions between them.
Refining the Theory Beyond Conventional Physics
Kletetschka asserted that his theory addresses several shortcomings present in earlier models of three-dimensional time rooted in conventional physics.
Some previous theories of time propose multiple dimensions wherein the usual order of cause and effect is obscured. Kletetschka's formulation maintains this order, though via a more sophisticated mathematical structure.
Some researchers—among them theoretical physicist Itzhak Bars of the University of Southern California—believe that in three-dimensional time, the second and third dimensions may manifest under conditions of extreme energy, such as those present in the early universe or during high-energy particle collisions.
A Universal Unifier?
Reuniting Gravity and Quantum Mechanics
Bars and fellow theoretical physicists regard the exploration of three-dimensional time as a promising route towards addressing some of physics' most perplexing questions.
Kletetschka's method could potentially address one of the most formidable problems in physics: reconciling quantum mechanics with gravity in a unified theory.
Towards a 'Theory of Everything'
A quantum theory of gravity may well pave the way to a unified theory of the universe—a "Theory of Everything" that brings together all four fundamental forces: electromagnetism, the strong and weak nuclear forces and gravity.
While the Standard Model unifies electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces, gravity remains the domain of Einstein's general relativity.
The two frameworks remain fundamentally incompatible, prompting physicists to pursue a "Theory of Everything" that unites them —understanding the origin of particle masses being key to this endeavour.
Rethinking Physical Reality
Kletetschka is confident that his three-dimensional time theory offers valuable insight. His model successfully reproduces the known masses of particles like electrons, muons and quarks, while also accounting for their origins.
"The journey toward unification may necessitate a fundamental rethinking of the very nature of physical reality," he remarked. "this theory illustrates how adopting a three-dimensional view of time can resolve numerous physical conundrums within one consistent mathematical model."
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