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Mo-Doped Ni₂P Nanorings Enhance Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production The Global Energy Crisis and the Need for Sustainable Hydrogen Production The increasing reliance on fossil fuels has precipitated a global energy crisis, intensifying environmental pollution and accelerating climate change. A viable pathway toward sustainable energy production involves water electrolysis, wherein renewable electricity facilitates the generation of high-purity hydrogen (H₂ ) a promising alternative fuel. Challenges with Seawater Electrolysis Current hydrogen production technologies predominantly use pure water; however, the limited availability of this resource poses significant challenges. Seawater, with its vast coverage of the Earth's surface, provides an inexhaustible hydrogen source. Although seawater is abundant, its use in hydrogen production is challenging due to its complex composition, which contains significant concentrations of salts such as chloride, sodium and magnesium. Whe...